https://web.archive.org/web/20220222222047/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iqbal_Masih #alternate Edit this page Wikipedia (en) Iqbal Masih From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Pakistani activist against child labour and bonded labour Iqbal Masih a+q+b+a+l+ m+s+hk Ehsan Ullah Khan meets a shy and afraid Iqbal Masih.png Masih with Bandhua Mukti Morcha activist Ehsan Ullah Khan in Sheikhupura (September 1992) Born 1983 Muridke, Punjab, Pakistan Died 16 April 1995(1995-04-16) (aged 11-12) Muridke, Punjab, Pakistan Nationality Pakistani Organization Bandhua Mukti Morcha (BMM) Known for Abolitionism Awards Reebok Human Rights Award (1994) World's Children's Prize for the Rights of the Child (2000) (posthumous) Iqbal Masih (Urdu: a+q+b+a+l+ m+s+hk; 1983 - 16 April 1995) was a Pakistani child labourer and activist who campaigned against abusive child labour in Pakistan.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] [ ] Contents * 1 Biography * 2 Escape and activism * 3 Death * 4 Legacy * 5 References * 6 Further reading * 7 External links Biography[edit] Iqbal Masih was born in 1983 in Muridke, a commercial city outside of Lahore in Punjab, Pakistan, into a poor Catholic family.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] At the age of four, he was sent to work by his family to help them pay off their debts.^[6] Iqbal's family borrowed 600 rupees (less than US$12.00 at the time) from a local employer who owned a carpet weaving business. In return, Iqbal was required to work as a carpet weaver until the debt was paid off. Every day, he would rise before dawn and make his way along dark country roads to the factory, where he and most of the other children were tightly bound with chains to the carpet looms to prevent escape. Iqbal knew his debt would not be paid off any time soon and one day could not take it anymore. He ripped one of the carpets and got into serious trouble with the home factory owner Hussain Khan. Escape and activism[edit] At the age of 10, Iqbal escaped his slavery, after learning that bonded labour had been declared illegal by the Supreme Court of Pakistan.^[7] He escaped and attempted to report his employer Ashad to the police, but the police brought him back to the factory seeking a finder's fee for returning escaped bonded labourers.^[8] Iqbal escaped a second time and attended the Bonded Labour Liberation Front (BLLF) school for former child slaves and quickly completed a four-year education in only two years.^[9] Iqbal helped over 3,000 Pakistani children that were in bonded labour escape to freedom and made speeches about child labour all over the world. He expressed a desire to become a lawyer to better equip him to free bonded labourers, and he began to visit other countries, including Sweden and the United States, to share his story, encouraging others to join the fight to eradicate child slavery.^[10] In 1994 he received the Reebok Human Rights Award in Boston, and in his acceptance speech he said: "I am one of those millions of children who are suffering in Pakistan through bonded labour and child labour, but I am lucky that due to the efforts of Bonded Labour Liberation Front, I go out in freedom I am standing in front of you here today. After my freedom, I joined BLLF School and I am studying in that school now. For us slave children, Ehsan Ullah Khan and BLLF have done the same work that Abraham Lincoln did for the slaves of America. Today, you are free and I am free too."^[11] Plaque in memory of Iqbal Masih in Almeria, Spain Eshan Ullah Khan visits the Iqbal Masih Square in Santiago de Compostela, Spain 'The girls and boys of Vitoria-Gasteiz in homage to Iqbal Masih', memorial in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain Death[edit] "Iqbal Masih, a brave and eloquent boy who attended several international conferences to denounce the hardships of child weavers in Pakistan, was shot dead with a shotgun while he and some friends were cycling in their village of Muridke, near Lahore."^[12] Iqbal was fatally shot by the "carpet mafia," while visiting relatives in Muridke on 16 April 1995, Easter Sunday.^[3]^[13] He was only 12 years old. His mother said she did not believe her son had been the victim of a plot by the "carpet mafia".^[14] However, the BLLF disagreed because Iqbal had received death threats from individuals connected to the Pakistani carpet industry.^[14] His funeral was attended by approximately 800 mourners. Following his death, Pakistani economic elites responded to declining carpet sales by denying that they were using bonded child labour in their factories and by employing the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) to brutally harass and arrest activists working for the BLLF. The Pakistani press conducted a smear campaign against the BLLF, arguing that child labourers received high wages and favourable working conditions.^[15] Legacy[edit] * Iqbal's cause inspired the creation of organizations such as We Charity,^[16] a Canada-based charity and youth movement, and the Iqbal Masih Shaheed Children Foundation,^[17] which has started over 20 schools in Pakistan. * In 1994, Iqbal visited Broad Meadows Middle School in Quincy, Massachusetts,^[18] and spoke to 7th graders about his life. He inspired the famous afterschool program run by teacher Ronald Adams called ODW (Operation: Day's Work).^[clarification needed]^[citation needed] When the students learned of his death, they decided to raise money with a financially productive program called "Penny Power," and build a school in his honour in Kasur, Pakistan.^[citation needed] * Iqbal's story was depicted in a book entitled Iqbal by Francesco D'Adamo,^[19] a fictional story based on true events, from the point of view of a girl named Fatima. * In 1994 he received the Reebok Youth in Action Award.^[20] * In 1996 the Movimiento Cultural Cristiano^[21] (MCC- Christian Cultural Movement) and Camino Juvenil Solidario (CJS- Youth Solidarity Path) promoted 16 April as International Day against Child Slavery in Spain and South America.^[22] * In 1998 the newly formed Istituto Comprensivo Iqbal Masih, a comprehensive education institute comprising several schools in Trieste, Italy, was named after him.^[23] * In 2000 he received a posthumous World's Children's Prize for the Rights of the Child and the Piazzale dei Traghetti Iqbal Masih was inaugurated in Genoa, Italy. * The 2006 book The Little Hero: One Boy's Fight for Freedom tells the story of his legacy.^[24] * In 2009 the United States Congress established the annual Iqbal Masih Award for the Elimination of Child Labor.^[25] * On 16 April 2012, the Council of Santiago, after a proposal of Movimiento Cultural Cristiano, inaugurated a square named after Iqbal in Santiago de Compostela, Spain.^[26] * The 2014 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to children's rights advocate Kailash Satyarthi^[27] on grounds of prevention of child labour and promotion of female education. Satyarthi mentioned Masih in his Nobel Peace Prize award speech, dedicating it to him and other martyrs.^[28] * In 2016, the "X Iqbal Masih Rugby Tournament" was held in Catania, Sicily.^[29] * On 17 April 2017, the University of Salamanca committed itself to celebrating every 16 April as a Day Against Child Slavery on behalf of Iqbal Masih.^[30] References[edit] 1. ^ ^a ^b Fair, C. Christine; Gregory, Shaun (8 April 2016). Pakistan in National and Regional Change: State and Society in Flux. Routledge. p. 38. ISBN 9781134924653. "The plight of Pakistan's bonded labourers came to international attention briefly with the murder of 12-year-old Christian Iqbal Masih in 1995." 2. ^ ^a ^b Winter, Jeanette (1999). Tikvah: Children's Book Creators Reflect on Human Rights. Chronicle Books. p. 84. ISBN 9781587170973. "Iqbal Masih was born into a poor Christian family in the village of Muridke, in Pakistan." 3. ^ ^a ^b ^c World Vision, Volumes 38-39. World Vision. 1995. p. 41. "Police harassment and death threats levelled at Kailash Satyarthi, chairman of the South Asian Coalition on Child Servitude, have prompted worldwide concern for the Indian activist's safety. But it's too late for Pakistani Christian Iqbal Masih, 12, a former bonded carpet-weaver who traveled the world crusading against child labor and succeeded in shutting down many carpet factories in Pakistan. On Easter Sunday, 1995, he was shot dead in his home village in Muridke. A victim of target killing." 4. ^ ^a ^b Ryan, Timothy (1995). "Iqbal Masih's Life -- a Call To Human Rights Vigilance". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 10 March 2018. "But on a more complex and sinister level, there is some connection between the fact that Iqbal was Christian and the fact that he was pressed into slavery in the first place." 5. ^ ^a ^b "Archbishop calls for Day Against Child Slavery to be dedicated to memory of Catholic boy". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 2021-12-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) 6. ^ Iqbal Masih; Blair Underwood (2002). "Presentation and Acceptance of Reebok Youth in Action Award". In Robin Broad (ed.). Global Backlash: Citizen Initiatives for a Just World Economy. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 199. ISBN 978-0742510340. Retrieved 31 May 2013. 7. ^ Sandy Hobbs; Jim McKechnie; Michael Lavalette (1 October 1999). Child Labor: A World History Companion. ABC-CLIO. pp. 153-154. ISBN 978-0874369564. 8. ^ Kile, J. "Iqbal Masih | moralheroes.org". Retrieved 2021-07-15. 9. ^ Kile, J (20 April 2011). "Iqbal Masih". 10. ^ Chowdhry, Wilson. "Iqbal Masih Pakistan's Forgotten Hero". 11. ^ "Human Rights Youth in Action Award" (PDF). 12. ^ "Boy leader of child labour protest is shot dead". The Independent. 19 April 1995. 13. ^ "Iqbal Masih's Heart-Rending Tragedy". pangaea.org. 19 January 2016. 14. ^ ^a ^b "Plot Discounted in Death of Pakistani Boy". 21 April 1995. 15. ^ "Child Labor in Pakistan". The Atlantic. February 1996. 16. ^ "Iqbal and Craig: Two children against child labour". 19 January 2016. Archived from the original on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 19 January 2016. 17. ^ "Iqbal Masih Shaheed Children Foundation". 19 January 2016. 18. ^ "Broad Meadows Middle School, Paragraph 5". 19 January 2016. 19. ^ Francesco D'Adamo (19 January 2016). "Iqbal". 20. ^ GoodWeave (18 March 2013). "Iqbal Masih, Child Hero". Archived from the original on 2021-12-22 - via YouTube. 21. ^ "Movimiento Cultural Cristiano - Web Oficial". www.movimientoculturalcristiano.org. 22. ^ "Welcome to the website of Iqbal Masih in solidaridad.net - Iqbal Masih". solidaridad.net. 23. ^ "Iqbal Masih - Storia". www.iqbalmasihtrieste.it. Archived from the original on 2016-12-14. Retrieved 2016-05-10. 24. ^ Crofts, Andrew (2006). The Little Hero: One Boy's Fight for Freedom - Iqbal Masih's Story. ISBN 9781904132844. 25. ^ "Iqbal Masih Award". 19 January 2016. 26. ^ http://www.saingalicia.blogspot.com.es/2012/02/iqbal-masih-ya-tiene -plaza-en-santiago.html Plaza Iqbal Masih 27. ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 2014". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved February 11, 2016. 28. ^ ""Let Us March!" Nobel Lecture by Kailash Satyarthi, Oslo, 10 December 2014". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved February 11, 2016. "I give the biggest credit of this honour to my movement's Kaalu Kumar, Dhoom Das and Adarsh Kishore from India and Iqbal Masih from Pakistan who made the supreme sacrifice for protecting the freedom and dignity of children. I humbly accept this award on behalf of all such martyrs, my fellow activists across the world and my countrymen." 29. ^ Stampa, Ufficio. "X Torneo "Coppa Iqbal Masih" 23/24 aprile 2016". sicilia.federugby.it. 30. ^ "Colegio Oficial de Graduados Sociales de Salamanca". www.graduadosocialsalamanca.es. Further reading[edit] * Andrew Crofts (15 June 2006). The Little Hero: One Boy's Fight for Freedom: Iqbal Masih's Story. Summersdale Publishers LTD - ROW. ISBN 978-1-84839-492-6. Susan Kuklin (15 October 1998). Iqbal Masih and the Crusaders Against Child Slavery. Henry Holt and Company (BYR). ISBN 978-0-8050-5459-0. External links[edit] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Iqbal Masih. * "Who Was Iqbal Masih?" mirrorimage.com. * Gannon, Kathy (May 31, 1995). "Young Activist's Death Hits Pakistani Carpet Sales". Los Angeles Times. Portals: Biography Pakistan Christianity Authority control Edit this at Wikidata General * ISNI + 1 * VIAF + 1 * WorldCat National libraries * Spain * France (data) * Germany * Israel * United States * Czech Republic * Poland Other * Faceted Application of Subject Terminology Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iqbal_Masih&oldid=107230592 9" Categories: * 1983 births * 1995 deaths * Pakistani child activists * Pakistani children's rights activists * Pakistani Christians * Murdered Pakistani children * Assassinated Pakistani activists * Pakistani slaves * People murdered in Punjab, Pakistan * Deaths by firearm in Pakistan * People from Sheikhupura District * Punjabi people * Debt bondage in South Asia * Violence against children * Child abuse in Pakistan * 20th-century slaves * Pakistani Catholics Hidden categories: * CS1 maint: url-status * Articles with short description * Short description is different from Wikidata * Use Pakistani English from April 2016 * All Wikipedia articles written in Pakistani English * Articles with hCards * Articles containing Urdu-language text * Wikipedia articles needing clarification from July 2021 * All articles with unsourced statements * Articles with unsourced statements from July 2021 * Commons category link from Wikidata * Articles with ISNI identifiers * Articles with VIAF identifiers * Articles with WORLDCATID identifiers * Articles with BNE identifiers * Articles with BNF identifiers * Articles with GND identifiers * Articles with J9U identifiers * Pages with red-linked authority control categories * Articles with LCCN identifiers * Articles with NKC identifiers * Articles with PLWABN identifiers * Articles with FAST identifiers Navigation menu Personal tools * Not logged in * Talk * Contributions * Create account * Log in Namespaces * Article * Talk [ ] English expanded collapsed Views * Read * Edit * View history [ ] More expanded collapsed Search ____________________ Search Go Navigation * Main page * Contents * Current events * Random article * About Wikipedia * Contact us * Donate Contribute * Help * Learn to edit * Community portal * Recent changes * Upload file Tools * What links here * Related changes * Upload file * Special pages * Permanent link * Page information * Cite this page * Wikidata item Print/export * Download as PDF * Printable version In other projects * Wikimedia Commons Languages * a+l+e+r+b+y+tm * Catal`a * Dansk * Deutsch * Ellynika' * Espanol * Euskara * Franc,ais * * Italiano * * Malti * Nederlands * * * p+n+g+a+b+ * Polski * Portugues * Russkij * Svenska * Tuerkc,e * a+r+d+w+ * Edit links * This page was last edited on 17 February 2022, at 01:20 (UTC). * Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia(R) is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. * Privacy policy * About Wikipedia * Disclaimers * Contact Wikipedia * Mobile view * Developers * Statistics * Cookie statement * Wikimedia Foundation * Powered by MediaWiki