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Foxconn suicides
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Series of deaths in Foxconn City, China
The Foxconn suicides were a spate of suicides linked to low pay and
brutal working conditions at the Foxconn City industrial park in
Shenzhen, China, that occurred alongside several additional suicides at
various other Foxconn-owned locations and facilities in mainland
China.^[1] The series of suicides drew media attention, and employment
practices at Foxconn--one of the world's largest contract electronics
manufacturers--were investigated by several of its customers, including
Apple and Hewlett-Packard (HP).^[2]
[ ]
Contents
* 1 Events of suicide
+ 1.1 Pre-2010
+ 1.2 2010
+ 1.3 2011
+ 1.4 2012
+ 1.5 2013
+ 1.6 2016
+ 1.7 2018
* 2 Response
+ 2.1 Foxconn clients
+ 2.2 Reports
+ 2.3 Crisis management
+ 2.4 Foxconn
+ 2.5 Protests
* 3 Analysis
* 4 See also
* 5 References
* 6 External links
Events of suicide[edit]
Pre-2010[edit]
While 2010 was a notable year for the company in numbers of suicides;
preceding years saw suicides being reported as well.
English name Chinese name Sex Age Suicide attempt date Description
Status
Mr. Hou Unknown; Family name: Male 19 18 Jun 2007 Hanged himself in a
company bathroom.^[3]^[4] Deceased
Sun Dan-yong Male 25 16 Jul 2009 Threw himself from an apartment
building^[5] after losing an iPhone prototype in his possession.^[6]
Prior to death, he claimed he was beaten and his residence searched by
Foxconn employees.^[6] Deceased
2010[edit]
English name Chinese name Sex Age Suicide attempt date Description
Status
Ma Xiang-qian ^[7] Male 19 23 Jan 2010 Threw himself from
building^[8]^[2] Deceased
Mr. Li Unknown; Family name: ^[7] Male 28^[2] 11 Mar 2010 Threw himself
from building^[9] Unknown
Tian Yu ^[7] Female 17 17 Mar 2010 Threw herself from building^[9]
Paralyzed from waist down^[10]
Mr. Lau Unknown; Family name: ^[7] Male 23 29 Mar 2010 Threw himself
from building^[9] Unknown
Rao Shu-qin Female 18^[2] 6 Apr 2010 Threw herself from building^[9]
Survived^[2]
Ms. Ning Unknown; Family name: Female 18 7 Apr 2010 Threw herself from
building^[9] Deceased^[2]
Lu Xin ^[7] Male 24 6 May 2010 Threw himself from building^[9]
Deceased^[11]
Zhu Chen-ming ^[7] Female 24 11 May 2010 Threw herself from
building^[12] Deceased^[2]
Liang Chao ^[7] Male 21 14 May 2010 Threw himself from building^[13]
Deceased^[2]
Nan Gan ^[7] Male 21 21 May 2010 Threw himself from building^[14]
Deceased^[2]
Li Hai Male 19 25 May 2010 Threw himself from building^[15]
Deceased^[2]
Mr. He Unknown; Family name: ^[7] Male 23 26 May 2010 Threw himself
from building^[16] Unknown
Mr. Chen Unknown; Family name: ^[7] Male 25 27 May 2010 Suicide
Deceased^[7]
Mr. Liu Unknown; Family name: Male 18 20 Jul 2010 Threw himself from
the sixth floor of a dormitory building^[17]^[18] Deceased^[18]
Unknown Unknown Male 23^[19] 5 Nov 2010 Threw himself from
building^[20]^[21] Deceased^[21]
2011[edit]
English name Chinese name Sex Age Suicide attempt date Description
Status
Wang Ling Unknown Female 25 7 Jan 2011 Jumped from building after being
sent to a psychiatric hospital Deceased^[22]
Unknown Unknown Male 20 26 May 2011 Threw himself from building. Died
in Deyuan town, Chengdu (possibly in Pi County) Deceased^[23]
Mr. Cai Unknown; Family name: Male 21^[24] July 2011^[25] Threw himself
from building at Shenzhen plant.^[25] Deceased
Li Rongying Unknown Female 20 23 November 2011 Threw herself from
building Deceased^[26]
2012[edit]
English name Chinese name Sex Age Suicide attempt date Description
Status
Unknown Unknown Male 23 14 June 2012 Threw himself from building
Deceased^[27]
Additionally, 150 Chinese workers threatened suicide in protest on 2
January 2012.^[28]
2013[edit]
English name Chinese name Sex Age Suicide attempt date Description
Status
Xu Lizhi Male 24 24 April 2013 Threw himself from building
Deceased^[29]
2016[edit]
Eva Dou of The Wall Street Journal reported the suicide of a
31-year-old night shift worker at Foxconn's production building in
Zhengzhou on 18 August 2016.^[30]
2018[edit]
English name Chinese name Sex Age Suicide attempt date Description
Status
Li Ming Male 31 6 January 2018 Threw himself from building
Deceased^[31]
Response[edit]
Foxconn clients[edit]
Apple issued a public statement about the suicides, and company
spokesperson Steven Dowling said "[Apple is] saddened and upset by the
recent suicides at Foxconn... A team from Apple is independently
evaluating the steps they are taking to address these tragic events,
and we will continue our ongoing inspections of the facilities where
our products are made." The statement was released after the results
from the company's probe into its suppliers' labor practices were
published in early 2010. Foxconn was not specifically named in the
report, but Apple suggested poor treatment of workers in facilities
that manufacture its products may include violations of labor laws,
violations of Apple's own rules for suppliers, and child labor^[32]
(workers as young as 14 could legally work in China through special
programs around the time this report was compiled).^[citation needed]
Apple committed to the implementation of changes following the
suicides, but in late 2014 news reports of labor issues at another
factory of a Chinese supplier also surfaced.^[33]
Reports[edit]
The 2010 suicides prompted 20 Chinese universities to compile an
83-page report on Foxconn, which they described as a "labor camp".
Interviews of 1,800 Foxconn workers at 12 factories found evidence of
illegal overtime and failure to report accidents. The report also
criticized Foxconn's management style, which it called inhumane and
abusive.^[34] Additionally, long working hours,^[35] discrimination
towards Mainland Chinese workers by their Taiwanese coworkers,^[36] and
a lack of working relationships^[37] were all presented as potential
problems in the university report.
A 2012 audit of Foxconn performed by the Fair Labor Association, at the
request of Apple Inc., suggested that workplace accidents might be
commonplace and that workers may consider overtime pay
insufficient.^[38]
Crisis management[edit]
During the first two and a half months, which included six of the
fourteen deaths from suicide, Foxconn took a "no comment" approach to
their business crisis.^[39] This left them vulnerable to media attacks,
allowing the media to fill in their own information about the
suicides.^[40] Li and Xu made a statement, in their case study about
the business' suicides, that "Foxconn's series of employee suicides
were severe events in the mind of the general public, and its 'no
comment' strategy led to a more negative perception of its reputation
and severe consequences."^[39] After the sixth suicide, Liu Kun, a
spokesperson for Foxconn, stated that they were handling the
crisis.^[39] He also started using a "denial strategy" to avoid any
blame for the suicides and instead directed the fault at "the victims
and societal problems."^[39]
One of the ways Foxconn started handling the crisis was to require that
employees sign a waiver stating that Foxconn would not be made liable
if any individuals were to commit suicide.^[41] This, however, caused
more troubles for Foxconn and they eventually retracted the document.
After they removed the waiver, they installed safety netting around the
facility to prevent future suicides.^[41] Foxconn also implemented a
pay raise from 950 yuan to 1200 yuan, but they in turn increased their
quota by twenty percent as well.^[42] Lastly, Foxconn opened their
doors to two-hundred journalists.^[39] Foxconn informed the writers
that they were taking extra steps for the future; which included safety
netting and more help hotlines for employees to be able to call.^[39]
Foxconn[edit]
The chairman of Foxconn, Terry Gou, made the following statement at a
press conference focused on the controversy: "We are certainly not
running a sweatshop. We are confident we'll be able to stabilize the
situation soon. A manufacturing team of 800,000 people is very
difficult to manage." At the time of the company's press conference,
the factory complex where the deaths occurred employed up to 300,000
people.^[32]^[43]
In response to the suicides, Foxconn substantially increased wages for
its Shenzhen factory workforce,^[44] installed suicide-prevention
netting,^[45] brought in Buddhist monks to conduct prayer sessions^[35]
and asked employees to sign no-suicide pledges.^[46] Workers were also
required to sign a legally-binding document guaranteeing that they and
their descendants would not sue the company as a result of unexpected
death, self-injury or suicide.^[citation needed]
Protests[edit]
In May 2010, the Students & Scholars Against Corporate Misbehaviour
(SACOM) group held a protest in the lobby of Foxconn's Hong Kong
headquarters. Around 25 protestors laid mannequins to rest and
conducted funeral rites, while a spokesperson informed the media and
onlookers: "We are staging the protest because of the high death rate
[at Foxconn], with an abnormal number of workers committing suicide in
the past five months".^[43] Activists from the Hong Kong Confederation
of Trade Unions were also present and held signs that read "Foxconn
lacks a conscience" and "Suicide is no accident". They also burned
cardboard cutouts resembling iPhones.^[32]
The family of Ma Xianqian, one of the dead workers, protested outside
the Foxconn factory. On 28 May 2010, demonstrators protested outside
Hon Hai's Taipei headquarters laying flowers for those who had died at
the Foxconn plant. Taiwanese unions and labor activists were also
present at the Taipei protest and displayed banners that displayed
Chinese text that translates into English as: "For wealth and
power--physical and mental health spent, hopes lost" and "For profit of
the brand--youth spent, dreams shattered".^[47]
On 8 June 2010, the date of Foxconn's Annual General Meeting, student
protesters from an anti-Foxconn Hong Kong non-profit, Hong Kong labor
unions and rights groups demonstrated outside a Hong Kong Apple
store.^[47]
A small group of young organizers picketed at an Apple store in San
Francisco on 17 June 2010. The protesters carried placards showing the
names and ages of the dead workers.^[47]
Analysis[edit]
ABC News^[48] and The Economist^[49] both conducted comparisons and
found that although the number of workplace suicides at Foxconn was
large in absolute terms, the suicide rate was actually lower than the
overall suicide rate of China^[50] or the United States.^[51] According
to a 2011 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report, China had
a high suicide rate with approximately 22.23 deaths per 100,000
persons.^[52] In 2010, the company's employee count was a reported
930,000 people.^[53]
Labor activists stated the suicides supported their assertion that
numerous labor abuses take place at Foxconn.^[32] Economic conditions
external to the company also might have been influential; during the
same year, several major strike actions at other high-profile
manufacturers occurred in China, and the Lewis turning-point is a
macro-economic factor that might provide context for the events. If the
above factors are true, it shows that there could be inconsistency
between Foxconn's labor conditions and any progress in China's
economy.^[54]
However, one expert claimed that employees were treated comparatively
well at Foxconn. Boy Luethje, of Germany's Institute of Social
Research, told The Economist that the company pays a minimum monthly
wage of 900 yuan (US$130) as well as providing free recreational
facilities, food, and lodging for employees at some of its factory
complexes.^[55] Overtime, however, may be routinely demanded.^[56]
See also[edit]
* Labor relations in China
* 2010 Chinese labour unrest
* France Telecom staff suicides
* Suicide in the People's Republic of China
* Xu Lizhi
References[edit]
1. ^ Paul Mozur (19 December 2012). "Life Inside Foxconn's Facility in
Shenzhen". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
2. ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ^i ^j Jason Dean (27 May 2010). "Apple,
H-P to Examine Asian Supplier After String of Deaths at Factory".
The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 29 May 2010.
3. ^ "[]2007618 -". Finance.baidu.com. Retrieved 30 May 2010.
4. ^ "__ ". News.xinmin.cn. Retrieved 30 May 2010.
5. ^ He, Huifeng (28 July 2009). "Payout over man's iPhone suicide".
South China Morning Post.
6. ^ ^a ^b IPhone Maker in China Is Under Fire After a Suicide The New
York Times, 26 July 2009
7. ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ^i ^j ^k Eastweek magazine. Vol 334. 6
June 2010 issue. pg 13.
8. ^ Sina.com. "Sina.com." . Retrieved on 2010-10-10.
9. ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Wenweipo.com. "Wenweipo.com Archived 21 July
2011 at the Wayback Machine." <'>'. Retrieved on 2010-10-10.
10. ^ Lau, Mimi (15 December 2010). "Struggle for Foxconn girl who
wanted to die". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 21 September
2021.
11. ^ Behind the shiny screen ZDNet.au, 14 December 2010
12. ^ Nownews.com. "Nownews.com." . Retrieved on 2010-10-10.
13. ^ Anhuinews.com. "Anhuinews.com Archived 18 July 2011 at the
Wayback Machine." "". Retrieved on 2010-10-10.
14. ^ Wenweipo.com. "Wenweipo.com Archived 21 July 2011 at the Wayback
Machine." 10. Retrieved on 2010-10-10.
15. ^ Chinanews.com.cn. "Chinanews.com.cn." "11" . Retrieved on
2010-10-10.
16. ^ Yahoo.com. "Yahoo.com Archived 30 May 2010 at the Wayback
Machine." 12. Retrieved on 2010-10-10.
17. ^ "Another Foxconn worker falls to death in China". BBC News. 20
July 2010.
18. ^ ^a ^b "Worker Death Tally Rises at Foxconn China". ABC News. 21
July 2010. Retrieved 21 July 2010.
19. ^ Zhuang, Pinghui (6 November 2010). "Another suicide as Foxconn
faces more flak". South China Morning Post.
20. ^ Pomfret, James (5 November 2010). "Foxconn worker plunges to
death at China plant: report". Reuters.
21. ^ ^a ^b "Foxconn Suicide Returns, Another Foxconn Employee Falls to
Death". 5 November 2010.
22. ^ Chang, Chris (13 January 2011). "New Suicide From Foxconn, Worker
Jumped Because of Insult". M.I.C. Gadget. Retrieved 10 June 2012.
23. ^ Huang, Cary (27 May 2011). "Foxconn worker in Chengdu suicide".
South China Morning Post. Hong Kong. p. 6.
24. ^ "Foxconn employee jumps to his death in Shenzhen". Taipei Times.
29 July 2011. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
25. ^ ^a ^b "Cna English News". Focustaiwan.tw. 19 July 2011. Retrieved
5 August 2011.
26. ^ "Worker commits suicide at Foxconn plant". China Daily. 25
November 2011. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
27. ^ Jim, Clare (14 June 2012). "Foxconn says plant worker jumps from
apartment". Thompson Reuters. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
28. ^ Moore, Malcolm (11 January 2012). "'Mass suicide' protest at
Apple manufacturer Foxconn factory". The Daily Telegraph.
29. ^ "Two more suicides at Foxconn - China News - SINA English".
english.sina.com.
30. ^ Latest Foxconn Worker Deaths Build Case for Apple to Move
Operations from China. Retrieved 28 August 2016
31. ^ "Suicide at Chinese iPhone factory reignites concern over working
conditions". telegraph.co.uk.
32. ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d William Foreman (26 May 2010). "Tech: Apple Supplier
Foxconn Suffers 10th Death This Year, Asks Workers To Sign
Anti-Suicide Pledge". HuffPost. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
33. ^ "Apple under fire again for working conditions at Chinese
factories". The Guardian. 19 December 2014. Retrieved 20 December
2014.
34. ^ Tam, Fiona (11 October 2010). "Foxconn factories are labour
camps: report". South China Morning Post.
35. ^ ^a ^b "Suicides at Foxconn Light and death". The Economist. The
Economist Newspaper Limited. 27 May 2010. Retrieved 20 December
2014.
36. ^ " ". Archived from the original on 21 September 2010. Retrieved
12 August 2010.
37. ^ Moore, Malcolm (16 May 2010). "What has triggered the suicide
cluster at Foxconn? - Telegraph Blogs". The Daily Telegraph.
London. Archived from the original on 18 May 2010. Retrieved 9 July
2010.
38. ^ Williams, Matt (29 March 2012). "Foxconn audit finds illegal
overtime and unpaid wages at Apple factory". The Guardian. Guardian
News and Media Ltd. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
39. ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Li, W; Xu, K (1 October 2013). "An Ethical
Stakeholder Approach to Crisis Communication: A Case Study of
Foxconn's 2010 Employee Suicide Crisis". Journal of Business
Ethics. 117 (2): 371-386. doi:10.1007/s10551-012-1522-0.
S2CID 153590623.
40. ^ Carroll, Archie; Buchholtz, Ann (2012). Business and Society.
Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. p. 168.
41. ^ ^a ^b Heffernan, Margaret (7 August 2013). "What Happened After
the Foxconn Suicides". CBS.
42. ^ Ngai, Pun (29 June 2012). "Global Capital, the State, and Chinese
Workers: The Foxconn Experience". Modern China: 383-410.
doi:10.1177/0097700412447164. S2CID 151168599.
43. ^ ^a ^b Malcolm Moore (25 May 2010). "Protest at Chinese iPad maker
Foxconn after 11th suicide attempt this year". The Telegraph.
Retrieved 20 December 2014.
44. ^ Foxconn suspends operation at a facility in India reuters.com,
Mon 26 July 2010
+ Foxconn to raise wages again at China plant reuters.com, Fri 1
October 2010 8:42 am EDT
45. ^ Foxconn Rallies Workers, Leaves Suicide Nets in Place (Updated)
wired.com's Epicenter blog, 18 August 2010
46. ^ "Chinese Factory asks for 'no suicide' vow". NBC News. 26 May
2010. Retrieved 26 May 2010.
47. ^ ^a ^b ^c Jenny Chan, Ngai Pun. "Suicide as Protest for the New
Generation of Chinese Migrant Workers: Foxconn, Global Capital, and
the State". The Asia-Pacific Journal. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
48. ^ A Trip to The iFactory: 'Nightline' Gets an Unprecedented Glimpse
Inside Apple's Chinese Core, ABC News, 20 February 2012, page 3
49. ^ Suicides at Foxconn, The Economist, 27 May 2010
50. ^ "Suicides at Foxconn: Light and Death". The Economist. 27 May
2010. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
51. ^ "Foxconn suicide rate is lower than in the US, says Apple's Steve
Jobs". The Daily Telegraph. 2 June 2010. Retrieved 9 September
2012.
52. ^ "China's suicide rate 'among highest in world'". Agence
France-Presse. Archived from the original on 26 September
2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown
(link)
53. ^ "Foxcon Plans To Increase China Workforce to 1.3 Million". Focus
Taiwan News Channel. 19 August 2010. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
54. ^ For other 2010 strikes, see "Strikes signal end to cheap labor".
China Daily. 3 June 2010. Archived from the original on 6 June
2010. Retrieved 25 June 2010.
+ For China's Lewisian turning-point, see
"Economics Focus: Socialist Workers". The Economist. 10 June 2010.
55. ^ "Don't Mean To Be Rude, But Suicide Rate at Apple's iPad-Maker
Foxconn Is Lower Than All 50 U.S. States". Business Insider. 26 May
2010. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
56. ^ Condliffe, Jamie (11 June 2018). "Foxconn Is Under Scrutiny for
Worker Conditions. It's Not the First Time". The New York Times.
ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
External links[edit]
* Sacom.hk Workers as Machines: Military Management in Foxconn.
Report from Hong Kong-based non-profit Students & Scholars Against
Corporate Misbehaviour (SACOM)
* Deconstructing Foxconn video from Chinese University of Hong Kong
professor Jack Qiu
* 1 Million Workers. 90 Million iPhones. 17 Suicides. Who's to Blame?
March 2011 cover story of Wired magazine
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